Historical Context

• 1950s - Foundations
  Turing, cybernetics, neural models, Dartmouth

• 1960s - Logic
  Formal logic, reasoning, theorem proving

• 1970s - Scruffy AI
  Heuristics, search, ad-hoc methods, rule-based NLP

• 1980s - Knowledge
  Expert systems and knowledge representation

• 1990s - Statistical
  Probability, machine learning, statistical NLP

• 2000s - Ontologies
  Knowledge engineering, Semantic Web

• 2010s - Deep learning
  Neural networks, big data, GPUs

• 2020s - Generative AI
  Foundation models, LLMs, multimodal

Six Pillars of AI